Beethoven's third symphony was originally dedicated to

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Beethoven Symphony Basics at ESM

The Basics

General Information

Composition dates: 1802-04.

Dedication: Prince Joseph Franz Maximilian Lobkowitz.

Instrumentation: Strings, 2 Fl, 2 Ob, 2 Cl, 2 Bsn, 3 Hn, 2 Tr, Timp.

First performances: 9 June 1804, Lobkowitz Palace, Vienna (private); 7 April 1805, Theater-an-der-Wien (public).

Orchestra size for first or early performance: 3+3.2.2.2/single winds (private, based on Beethoven letter); 6+6.3(?).2.4/single winds (public, estimate).

Autograph Score: Not extant.

First published parts: Oct. 1806, Contor delle arti et d’Industrie, Vienna.

First published score: 1820, Simrock (1822 Simrock edition available at Eastman’s Sibley library rare collection).

Movements (Tempos. Key. Form.)

I. Allegro con brio (MM=60). E-flat Major. Sonata-Allegro.

II. Marcia funebre (funeral march). Adagio assai (MM=80). C minor (vi). Ternary Form/Rondo/Sonata-allegro(?).

III. Scherzo. Allegro vivace (MM=116). E-flat Major. Scherzo/Trio (ternary).

IV. Finale. Allegro molto (MM=76). E-flat Major. Theme & Variation hybrid (Double

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On April 15 & 16, the Houston Symphony performs Beethoven’s revolutionary Symphony No. 3, Eroica with guest conductor Rafael Payare. In this post, discover how personal crisis and political turmoil combined to inspire one of the most influential pieces of music ever composed. Learn more about this history-making masterpiece in our podcast, On the Music. Get tickets and more information here.

Perhaps no piece of music has been more pivotal in music history than Beethoven’s Third Symphony, a revolutionary work provoked by both personal crisis and geopolitical turmoil. After the French Revolution of 1789 toppled the most powerful monarchy in Europe, many—including Beethoven—began to hope a freer, more egalitarian society would emerge. The ensuing wars and reign of terror threatened these hopes, and Europe waited for a hero to save the revolution. By 1803, when Beethoven wrote his Third Symphony, that hero seemed to have appeared: Napoleon Bonaparte.

Compounding the political crisis that surrounded Beethoven was an internal one—for years, Beethoven had experienced

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BEETHOVEN: Symphony No 3 “Eroica”

27 Apr 2020

by Michael Clive

Instrumentation: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons; 3 horns, 2 trumpets; strings; percussion.

Haydn wrote 104 symphonies. Mozart, who died when he was only 35, wrote 41. Yet Beethoven’s ninth symphony was his last. After that, the form seemed more formidable, and the idea of composing dozens of symphonies in one lifetime passed into history. Composers began to think of the number nine as an upper limit for symphony composition, or even a jinx. Clearly, Beethoven had done something to change the way the music world thought about symphonies. What was it?

If one symphony can be called a turning point in the way Beethoven and the world viewed the form, it is the Eroica. Where Beethoven’s first two symphonies are graceful and decorously Classical, with the influence of Haydn and Mozart clearly heard, the Symphony No. 3 is a bold musical utterance that is longer in duration and bolder in its ideas than were its predecessors – literally a “Sinfonia Eroica,” or heroic symphony.

But this title, which Be